a hole

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f. hole, hollow.

(að), v. to make hollow.

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u, f. a hole, Fms. viii. 39, Gullþ. 22, Bs. i. 329, Sks. 148; botn-hola, q. v.; jarð-hola, an earth-hole; moldar-hola, músar-hola.

að, to make hollow, Al. 168, Mar. freq.

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n. [grön], pine timber. greni-borð, n. a pine-wood board.

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f. bore, hole.

(að), v. to bore, to bore holes in; bora rauf, to bore a hole;

refl., borast fram, to push one’s way through a crowd.

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u, f. a bore-hole, Grett. 125, 133, Fas. i. 393, Vm. 65.

COMPD: borufoli.

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I) n. hole, opening.

II) from geta.

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n., pl. göt, [A. S. geat and Engl. gate = entrance; Hel. gat = foramen], a hole, Fms. iii. 217, Fas. iii. 486; skrár-gat, a key-hole; lúku-gat, a trap-door; cp. the following word.

(smýg; smaug or smó, smugum; smoginn), v.

1) to creep through an opening; smugu þeir milli spalanna, they crept between the bars; smýgr hann þá niðr undir hjá henni, he creeps under the bed-clothes; to put on a garment with only a round hole to put the head through (gullbrynju smó);

2) to pierce (kom lásör í brúnina ok smó þegar í gegnum).

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pres. smýg; the ancients prefer the pret. smó (smótt, smó); the mod. is smaug, which occurs in Km. 7; pl. smugu: subj. smygi; part. smoginn: [A. S. smugan; Dan. smyge; Ivar Aasen smjuga]:— to creep through a hole, opening, or narrow space; at s. út um glygginn, Fms. xi. 277; þá smugu þeir milli spalanna, Edda 30; hann hefir smogið inn, garðr með hjarra-grind fyrir ok rimar í, svá at fénaðr megi eigi smjúga, Jb. 262; smýgr hann þá niðr undir hjá henni, creeps under the blankets, Háv. 54; ræð ek, at þú smjúgir undir þar hjá stokkinum í nótt, Gísl. 100: to put a garment on which has only a round hole to put the head through (cp. A. S. smygel), smugu í guðvefi, Hðm. 17; gullbrynju smó, Skv. 3. 45; cp. smokkr and smátt.

II. to pierce; kom lásör í brúnina ok smó þegar í gögnum, Sturl. i. 180 C; örin kom aptan í bak dýrinu ok smó fram í hjartað, Fas. ii. 246; rækyndill smaug rauðar rítr, Km.; oddr smó brynjur, Fms. vi. (in a verse).

III. part. smoginn; gren-smoginn, of a fox; maðk-smoginn, worm-eaten.

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(gen. pl. augna), n.

1) eye;

lúka (bregða) upp augum, bregða augum í sundr, to open (lift up) the eyes;

lúka aptr augum, to shift the eyes;

renna (bregða, leiða) augum til e-s, to turn the eyes to;

leiða e-n augum, to measure one with the eyes;

berja augum í e-t, to take into consideration;

koma augum á e-t, to set eyes on, become aware of;

hafa auga á e-u, t have, keep, an eye upon;

segja e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, right in the face;

unna e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls;

e-m vex e-t í augu, one has scruples about;

náit er nef augum, the nose is neighbor to the eyes;

gløggt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp;

mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes;

eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot hide it if a woman loves a man;

2) hole, aperture in a needle (nálarauga), in a millstone (kvarnarauga) or an axe-head;

3) pit full of water.

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n., gen. pl. augna, [Lat. oculus, a dimin. of an obsolete ocus; Gr. οφθαλμός (Boeot. οκταλμός); Sanskr. aksha: the word is common to Sanskrit with the Slavonic, Greek, Roman, and Teutonic idioms: Goth. augo; Germ, auge; A. S. eâge; Engl. eye; Scot. ee; Swed. öga; Dan. öje, etc. Grimm s. v. suggests a relationship to Lat. acies, acutus, etc. The letter n appears in the plur. of the mod. northern languages; the Swedes say ‘ögon,’ oculi, the Danes ‘öjne;’ with the article ‘ögonen’ and ‘öjnene;’ Old Engl. ‘eyne;’ Scot. ‘een’]

I. an eye. It is used in Icel. in a great many proverbs, e. g. betr sjá augu en auga, ‘two eyes see better than one,’ i. e. it is good to yield to advice: referring to love, unir auga meðan á sér, the eye is pleased whilst it can behold (viz. the object of its affection), Fas. i. 125, cp. Völs. rím. 4. 189; eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot bide it, if a woman love a man, i. e. they tell their own tale, Ísl. ii. 251. This pretty proverb is an απ. λεγ. l. c. and is now out of use; it is no doubt taken from a poem in a dróttkvætt metre, (old proverbs have alliteration, but neither rhymes nor assonance, rhyming proverbs are of a comparatively late date): medic., eigi er sá heill er í augun verkir, Fbr. 75; sá drepr opt fæti ( slips) er augnanna missir, Bs. i. 742; hætt er einu auganu nema vel fari, he who has only one eye to lose will take care of it (comm.); húsbóndans auga sér bezt, the master’s eye sees best; glögt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp; mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes, i. e. what is to be hidden must not be done in broad daylight, Hm. 81; náið er nef augum, the nose is near akin to the eyes (tua res agitur paries quum proximus ardet), Nj. 21; opt verðr slíkt á sæ, kvað selr, var skotinn í auga, this often happens at sea, quoth the seal, when he was shot in the eye, of one who is in a scrape, Fms. viii. 402. In many phrases, at unna ( to love) e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls, Nj. 217; þótti mér slökt it sætasta ljós augna minna, by his death the sweetest light of my eyes was quenched, 187: hvert grætr þú nú Skarphéðinn? eigi er þat segir Skarphéðinn, en hitt er satt at súrnar í augum, the eyes smart from smoke, 200: renna, líta augum, to seek with the eyes, to look upon: it is used in various connections, renna, líta ástaraugum, vánaraugum, vinaraugum, trúaraugum, öfundaraugum, girndarauga, with eyes of love, hope, friendship, faith, envy, desire: mæna a. denotes an upward or praying look; stara, fixed; horfa, attentive; lygna, blundskaka, stupid or slow; blína, glápa, góna, vacant or silly; skima, wandering; hvessa augu, a threatening look; leiða e-n a., to measure one with the eyes; gjóta, or skjóta hornauga, or skjóta a. í skjálg, to throw a side glance of dislike or ill-will; gjóta augum is always in a bad sense; renna, líta mostly in a good sense: gefa e-u auga, oculum adjicere alicui; hafa auga á e-u, to keep an eye on it; segja e-m e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, Orkn. 454; at augum, adverb. with open eyes, Hervar. S. (in a verse), etc. As regards various movements of the eyes; ljúka upp augum, to open the eyes; láta aptr augun, to shut the eyes; draga auga í pung, to draw the eye into a purse, i. e. shut one eye; depla augum, to blink; at drepa titlinga (Germ. äugeln, blinzen), to wink, to kill tits with the suppressed glances of the eye; glóðarauga, a suffusion on the eye, hyposphagma; kýrauga. proptosis; vagl á auga, a beam in the eye; skjálgr, Lat. limus; ský, albugo; tekinn til augnanna, with sunken eyes, etc., Fél. ix. 192; a. bresta, in death: hafa stýrur í augum, to have prickles in the eyes, when the eyes ache for want of sleep: vatna músum, ‘to water mice,’ used esp. of children weeping silently and trying to hide their tears. As to the look or expression of the eyes there are sundry metaph. phrases, e. g. hafa fékróka í augum, to have wrinkles at the corners of the eyes, of a shrewd money getting fellow, Fms. ii. 84, cp. Orkn. 330, 188, where krókauga is a cognom.; kvenna-króka, one insinuating with the fair sex; hafa ægishjalm í augum is a metaphor of one with a piercing, commanding eye, an old mythical term for the magical power of the eye, v. Grimm’s D. Mythol. under Ægishjalmr: vera mjótt á milli augnanna, the distance between the eyes being short, is a popular saying, denoting a close, stingy man, hence mjóeygr means close: e-m vex e-t í augu (now augum), to shrink back from, of a thing waxing and growing before one’s eyes so that one dares not face it. As to the shape, colour, etc. of the eye, vide the adj. ‘eygr’ or ‘eygðr’ in its many compds. Lastly we may mention the belief, that when the water in baptism touches the eyes, the child is thereby in future life prevented from seeing ghosts or goblins, vide the words úfreskr and skygn. No spell can touch the human eye; en er harm sá augu hans (that of Loki in the shape of a bird), þá grunaði hann (the giant) at maðr mundi vera, Edda 60; í bessum birni þykist hón kenna augu Bjarnar konungs sonar, Fas. i. 51, vide Ísl. Þjóðs.

II. meton. and metaph. auga is used in a great many connections:

α. astron.; þjaza augu, the eyes of the giant Thiazi, is a constellation, probably the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux; the story is told in the Edda 47, cp. Harbarðsljóð 19; (Snorri attributes it to Odin, the poem to Thor.)

β. botan., auga = Lat. gemma, Hjalt. 38; kattarauga, cat’s eye, is the flower forget-me-not.

γ. the spots that form the numbers on dice, Magn. 530.

δ. the hole in a millstone; kvarnarauga, Edda 79, 221, Hkr. i. 121: the opening into which an axe handle is fastened, Sturl. ii. 91: a pit full of water, Fs. 45: nálarauga, a needle’s eye: vindauga, wind’s eye or window (which orig. had no glass in it), A. S. eag-dura (eye-door); also gluggi, q. v.: gleraugu, spectacles.

ε. anatom., the pan of the hip joint, v. augnakarl, Fms. iii. 392: gagnaugu, temples.

ζ. hafsauga, the bottom of the ocean, in the popular phrase, fara út í hafsauga, descendere ad tartara.

η. poët. the sun is called heimsauga, dagsauga, Jónas 119.

COMPDS either with sing. auga or pl. augna; in the latter case mod. usage sometimes drops the connecting vowel a, e. g. augn-dapr, augn-depra, augn-fagr, etc. auga-bragð (augna-), n. the twinkling of an eye, Hm. 77; á einu a., in the twinkling of an eye, Ver. 32, Edda (pref.) 146, Sks. 559, Rb. 568: a glance, look, snart a., Fms. ii. 174; mikit a., v. 335; úfagrligt a., Fs. 43; hafa a. af e-u, to cast a look at, Fbr. 49, Fms. xi. 424: in the phrase, at hafa e-n (or verða) at augabragði, metaph. to make sport of, to mock, deride, gaze at, Stj. 627, 567, Hm. 5, 29. auga-brun, f. the eye-brow. auga-staðr, m. an eye-mark; hafa a. á e-u, to mark with the eye. auga-steinn (augna-), m. the eye-ball, Hkr. iii. 365, Fms. v. 152. augna-bending, f. a warning glance, Pr. 452. augna-blik, n. mod. = augnabragð, s. augna-bólga, u, f. ophthalmia. augna-brá, f. the eye-lid, D. N. i. 216. augna-fagr and aug-fagr, adj. fair-eyed, Fas. ii. 365, Fms. v. 200. augna-fró, f. a plant, eye-bright, euphrasia, also augna-gras, Hjalt. 231. augna-fræ, n. lychnis alpina. augna-gaman, n. a sport, delight for the eyes to gaze at, Ld. 202, Bær. 17, Fsm. 5 (love, sweetheart). augna-gróm, n. (medic.) a spot in the eye; metaph., ekki a., no mere speck, of whatever can easily be seen. augna-hár, n. an eye-lash. augna-hvannr, m. the eye-lid. augna-hvita, u, f. albugo. augna-karl, n. the pan of the hip joint; slíta or slitna or augnaköllunum, Fas. iii. 392. augna-kast, n. a wild glance, Barl. 167. augna-kláði, a, m. psorophthalmi. augna-krókr, n. the corner of the eye. augna-lag, n. a look, Ld. 154. augna-lok, n. ‘eye-covers,’ eye-lids. augna-mein, n. a disease of the eye. augna-mjörkvi, a, m. dimness of the eye, Pr. 471. augna-ráð, n. expression of the eye. augna-skot, n. a look askance, Gþl. 286, Fs. 44 (of cats). augna-slím, n. glaucoma. augna-staðr, m. the socket of the eye, Magn. 532. augna-sveinn, m. a lad leading a blind man, Str. 46. augn-tepra, u, f. hippus. augna-topt, f. the socket of the eye. augna-verkr, m. pain in the eye, Hkr. ii. 257, Bs. i. 451, Pr. 471, Bjarn. 58. augna-vik, n. pl. = augnakrókr. augna-þungi, a, m. heaviness of the eye, Hkr. ii. 257.

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f. bore, hole.

(að), v. to bore, to bore holes in; bora rauf, to bore a hole;

refl., borast fram, to push one’s way through a crowd.

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að, [Lat. forare; A. S. borian; Engl. bore; O. H. G. poran], to bore, to bore holes in, Fms. ix. 447, Ld. 116, Edda 48, 49, Eb. 182, D. I. i. 243: metaph., b. atsúg at e-u, to doa thing thoroughly, v. atsúgr: reflex., borast fram, to press one’s way through a crowd, Fms. v. 180, Fb. ii. 112.

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f. hole, pit.

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u, f. a hole, pit, Sturl. i. 83 C, Þorst. Síðu H. 176.

n. hollow, cavity, esp. cavity of the body;

ganga (hlaupa) á hol, to pierce to the inwards (of weapons);

hit efra hol, the cavity of the chest;

neðra hol, the stomach.

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n. [A. S. hol; Engl. hole, hollow; Dan. hule; Swed. håla; Germ. höhle, etc.]:—a hollow, cavity; lýstr vindinum ofan í holit verplanna, Fms. xi. 34, Boll. 340 (of a shield), but esp. a cavity of the body, Bs. i. 385: á hol, ( piercing) to the inwards, Nj. 60, Fb. i. 146; ef blóð má falla á hol ór sári, if it bleeds inwardly, Grág. ii. 11, Gullþ. 66, Band. 42 new Ed.; í hol, id., 91; inn í holit, of the chest, Edda 76, Fs. 65; hit efra, neðra hol, the upper and nether hollow (i. e. the chest and stomach), N. G. L. i. 172, Sturl. iii. 54: a hole, = hola, stór hol, Bs. i. 321, Rb. 440; grafinn með hol, Thom. 468.

I) (pl. -ar), f. hole, rent;

Flosi hugði at handklæðinu, ok var þat raufar einar, it was all in rags.

II) from rjúfa.

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f., pl. raufar, [raufa I, rjúfa], a rift, hole; þat er heilund, er rauf er á hausi til heila, Grág. ii. 11; rauf var á belgnum, Ld. 156; þeir lustu á rauf á hellunni, Edda 40; Flosi hugði at handklæðinu ok var þat raufar einar, Nj. 176; rauf á selgeiranum, Fms. vii. 202; þeir brutu þar á raufar, Eg. 125; bora sex raufar á, N. G. L. i. 172, Ó. H. 108; raufar himins, the sluices of heaven, 655 ix. B, (himin-raufar, Gen. vii. 11); bak-rauf, got-rauf, q. v.

COMPDS: raufarsteinn, raufartrefjur.

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(rýf; rauf, rufum; rofinn), v.

1) to break a hole in, break (hljópu þeir þá upp á húsin ok tóku at r.); r. undir, to make wounds; r. samnaðinn, to break up the gathering;

2) fig. to break, violate (r. sáttmál, sætt, eiða, trygðir);

3) impers., rýfr þokuna, the fog clears away; rýfr (or rýfr í) veðrit, rýfr upp veðr, the weather clears, it clears up.

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pres. rýf; pret. rauf, rauft, rauf, pl. rufu; subj. ryfi; part, rofinn; [A. S. reófan]:—to break, rip up, break a hole in; r. undir, to make a wound, Rm. 45; Baglar rufu stofuna, Fms. ix. 55; vóru þeir sem óðastir at r. húsin, Eb. 214; hlupu þeir upp á skálann ok rufu, Grett. 154; hann lagði í óst; á Ólafi, ok rauf á barkanum, Sturl. ii. 95; r. búlka, to ‘break bulk,’ see búlki, Fms. vi. 378: to break up, þá rufu þeir samnaðinn, Eg. 98; raufsk þá flokkr allr, Fms. ix. 217; raufsk leiðangrinn, x. 57, xi. 248; en er raufsk fjölmenni á þinginu, Orkn. 284; varð þá at rjúfask sú íllinga seta, Bs. i. 142.

II. metaph. to break, violate; rjúfa sáttmál. Fms. i. 109; rjúfa, grið, sátt, Nj. 56; Gunnarr kvaðsk ekki ætla at r. sættir, 111; rjúf aldri sætt þá er góðir menn göra milli þín ok annarra, 85; ef hann ryfi sættina, Fms. xi. 356; en ef prestr rýfr skript, K. Þ. K. 72; r. dóm, Fb. ii. 171; r. heit, Stj. 641; r. sína eiða, Fms. viii. 155; r. trygðir, Grág.; r. lögmanns órskurð, id.; eigi rjúfask honum fyrirheit Hugonis ábóta, they failed him not, Mar.; þykki mér þat opt rjúfask er skemra er at frétta en slíkt, Nj. 259; hefir yðr þat sjaldan rofizk er ek hefi sagt yðr, Fms. viii. 134, v. l.: part., var þá enn rofinn valrinn, Hkr. ii. 381.

III. impers. it clears, of weather, as of fog or clouds drifting away in a gale; þá er í rauf veðrit, when the weather cleared, Fms. i. 174; ok er fyrst rauf í, sá þeir fyrir sér bratta hamra, viii. 53, v. l.; skúraveðr var á, ok var hvasst veðrit þá er rauf, en vindlítið þess í milli, Ld. 56: en veðr rauf upp í móti degi, Sturl. iii. 292; rýfr þokuna ok kyrrir sjáinn. Fas. ii. 516.

f. narrow cleft to creep through, small hole (hvergi fannst s. á).

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u, f. [smjúga], a narrow cleft to creep through, a hole; hann gat ekki eina minnstu smugu fundit, Fas. i. 393, iii. 318; mörgum tómum smugum, Sks. 148; í neðstu smugur helvítis, 605.

(gen. vakar, pl. vakir and vakar), f. a hole, opening in the ice (hann hratt hestinum í v. eina).

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f., gen. vakar, n. pl. vakar and vakir, with art. vökna = vökina, Bs. i. 346; [Dan. vaage]:—a hole, opening in ice; hann hratt hestinum í vök eina, Fms. i. 211; þeir riðu vakar nökkurar, x. 388; í vök þiðri, vii. 2; höggva vakir á ísinum, 272; stórar vakir. Sks. 178; ef menn finna hval í vökum, Grág. ii. 386; vakum, Sks. 175 B; ok fægja vökina eptir sér, Fms. viii. 416; í vökinni, vi. 337, Bs. i. 346; rekjald mikit í vök, Fs. 145; draga þeir skipit milli vakanna, 180; passim in mod. usage.

f. [afl, m.], hole below the forge, cinder-pit, or a water-pit wherein to cool the iron (?); cp. Vkv. 22, Þiðr. 72.

(-ta, -tr), v. to bark, strip off the bark from a tree (birkja við).

f. birch-juice.

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t, to bark, strip; b. við, Jb. 235, Stj. 177; cp. Gkv. 2. 12, birkinn viðr (= birki viðr?), Fms. viii. 33; b. hest, to flay a horse.

u, f. [Ivar Aasen byrkja], the sap of a young birch, sap, got by boring a hole in the bark and sucking; þeir átu safa ok sugu birkju við, they chewed the sprouts and sucked birch sap with it, Fms. viii. 33.